It is said that in order “to get to know a country, one must either live there for a while or read the works of writers from that country”. In this article, we intend to choose the second path and introduce to our readers some Persian-speaking authors and their works. Thanks to this acquaintance, one can «look inside» the areas of the distribution of the Persian literature. The article presents short biographies of such authors as Fariba Vafi, Mostafa Mastur, Soheila Beski, Nasim Marashi, Nahid Tabatabai, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi, as well as their works familiar to readers all over the world.

The article is devoted to the territory of the Irevan province, the administrativeterritorial division and the management system. According to the administrative-territorial division, the Irevan province was divided into counties, police stations, rural societies and villages. The province was governed by a governor, counties by a chief, sections by a bailiff, rural societies by elders, and the villages were ruled by kendkhuda. These management systems were closely interrelated

The study of meaningful life directions by students of natural sciences and humanities is a priority for the majority of scientists belonging to different fields of science - philosophy, fiction, theology and psychology. The interdisciplinary experience gathered by scientists is useful and necessary in terms of learning and understanding the meaning of life in various fields of scientific knowledge. The article discusses the phenomenon of the meaning of life based on various sources and shares the results obtained.

This article is concerned with the beliefs existing in the ancient Azerbaijan within the primitive communal system, as well as the role of the religious factor in tribal relationships. It is emphasized that Azerbaijanis did not consider themselves outside their family and tribe in the old days. Long story short, ancient beliefs played an essential role in unifying and governing tribes, as well as performing actual tasks. Different types of primaeval consciousness of ancient Azerbaijanis got widespread in the old days, including totemism, fetishism, animism, magic, mythology, and religions. In the 6th century BCE, the Massagetae were residing on the territory of ancient Azerbaijan. And the Turkic peoples were here in the 2-1 millennium BCE. Even before the Common Era, the Turkic peoples had state institutions and a rich culture, strong traditions and a monotheistic religious belief. Monotheistic system of beliefs created the basis of the ancient Turkic empires. The cult of Tengri among the Turks entered the picture in the 5th-3rd century BCE. The ancient Turks, who believed in one God, credited him with nature-based and supernatural powers. The purity of the soul took a primary place in their religion. They ‘communicated’ with Tengri, worshipping him in the temple, and cleansed their souls there. Shamanism, based on the belief in spirits, also played an essential role in the tribal relations of the ancient Turks. In accordance with its teachings, shamans are intermediaries contacting with spirits

The article examines the Azerbaijani model of multiculturalism, It is noted that multiculturalism in our country reflects national and universal values, justice and compassion, tolerance, religious diversity, pluralism and coexistence. Historically, the religious diversity in Azerbaijan was formed in conditions of peace, tranquility and multiculturalism. There are many different religious denominations in the country today. Azerbaijan is pursuing a systematic and harmonious religious policy. The creation of religious harmony and multiculturalism increases the international prestige of Azerbaijan. Thus, representatives of different religions and cultures, who have lived in our country since ancient times, have contributed to the formation of a unique Azerbaijani culture

Under both religious and secular legal systems, every person living in a society has the right to receive and impart information. This right is given to people by the Almighty and is reflected in the constitutions of modern states. However, in order not to abuse this right, our religion has introduced some laws regarding information culture, and considered it necessary for every Muslim to follow these rules. Against the backdrop of all this, it should be noted that this issue has been rated as one of the most important issues in Quran and hadiths, as people have been able to communicate with each other and form a society through information culture. If we turn to Quran and hadiths, we will see that in both sources the word information is expressed as news. If we approach the issue purely from the point of view of hadith studies, it becomes clear that the news (information) is divided into three important groups: “Sahih” (authentic) news, “Hasan” (good) news and “Weak” (false) news. This shows the need to know the essence of the news

Among the writings of Bahá’u’lláh, The Holy Book «Kitabi-i-Aqdas» has a exceptional importance. The Laws of the Holy « Kitabi-i-Aqdas « cover three areas: man’s attitude toward God; material and spiritual aspects of life related to the prosperity of mankind; the relationship between 27Az?rbaycan Respublikasi Dini Qurumlarla Is üzr? Dövl?t Komit?sinin Jurnali Dövl?t v? Din - ? 01 (72) 2022 C?MIYY?T V? DIN man and society. Messages and recommendations addressed to individual heads of state and nations also have found their place in Kitab-i-Aqdas. These include: a call to the leaders of the American continent to stand up for justice; recommendation to world leaders on the creation of a universal writing and international language; Warnings to William 1st, winner of Napoleon 3rd; Condemnation of the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph; Mentioning the «Berlin Scream» in his appeal to the «Rhine Coast» (Germany); Condemnation of the «throne of tyranny» erected in Istanbul and the loss of its «exterior splendor» and prophecy about the difficulties that will befall its inhabitants; addressing his hometown of Tehran, saying that God had chosen the town as «a source of joy for all mankind.»

The article analyzes the conversion of the Chechens to Islam in terms of time and historical factors, the different periods of the Islamization of the Chechens, the impact of Islam on their spiritual and cultural development and unification. The period in which Islam spread among the Chechens has not yet been unambiguously interpreted. Therefore, there are different versions of this, often unsubstantiated and even of a sensational nature. The article pays due attention to this, emphasizing the need for their critical understanding and the search for the right option. This requires conclusive facts, documentary and relevant texts in Arabic. The authors also explain the historical and modern features of the existence of Islam among the Chechens, revealing its “cementing” character. Radical and extremist manifestations among Muslims have been widely criticized and it is said that they should be fought. The important role of the leadership of the Chechen Republic in the strengthening of local Islam and the consolidation of believers is emphasized in the article.

The article is devoted to the study of philosophical and sociological views on the concept of sustainable development, “Green Economy”, “Smart Village”, “Smart City”. The author presents here in the form of a thesis 5 principles on which the concept of sustainable development is based. The article interprets the model of sustainable development “Green Economy” from a sociophilosophical point of view and analyzes the prospects for the transition to a green economy in our country. One of the issues of scientific interest here is the interpretation of the concepts of “Smart village” and “Smart city” in the philosophical and sociological plan for the first time. The implementation of the concepts “Smart village” and “Smart city”, which are used in many countries of the world, for the first time in the Azerbaijani liberated territories is of certain scientific interest. The specific facts provided in connection with the restoration of our liberated territories are shown on the example of the Kelbajar region. This is presented as an indicator of the prospects for sustainable development in our regions that need to be restored.

The connection between word and meaning, especially the verbal expression of transcendental truths, has always been the subject of discussion in the history of philosophical thought. These discussions consider the problem in two aspects: possibility and method of expressing a concept, or inexpressibility in general. The purpose of this article, which began with a mention of the idea of Ludwig Wittgenstein, who put an end to the solution of this issue in the West, is a parallel study of the philosophical thought of the West and the East and the identification, as in most cases, of the priority of Eastern thought over the Western. The representative of the East, Ayn al-Quzat Miyaneji, was 8 centuries ahead of Wittgenstein’s “ethics of silence”, presenting more specific and detailed explanations. Although the question of inexpressibility in Ayn al-Quzat outwardly creates the impression of confusion and hopelessness, a deeper study of the issue shows that he solved the problem of the inexpressibility of the transcendence precisely through expression. The methods he proposes to solve the problem – tashabuh; istiara (metaphor); the fact that the word has two meanings, external and internal; that two different words have the same meaning; the allegory are studied separately in this article. The classification system of methods given in the article was not proposed by Ayn al-Quzat in his any particular work. This is a systematized form of Ayn-al-Quzat’s views, set out separately in his writings. The purpose of this systematization is to change the impression of the apparent ambiguity of the philosophical language of Ayn-al-Quzat.

Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Sabbah al-Kindi (801-873), the founder of Eastern Peripateticism, known as the Meskhetian sect, awarded the title of “Philosopher of the Arabs” (“Faylasuf ul-Arab”), had an encyclopedic intellect. Known in Europe in the Middle Ages as Kindius, al-Kindi was one of the greatest philosophers in the Muslim world. In interpreting the relationship between God and the world, Al-Kindi put opinions completely different from Aristotle’s doctrine. The thinker justified the relationship between God and the world in accordance to Islamic principles. For Al-Kindi, who synthesized the works of Aristotle and Plato into Islamic philosophy, the main purpose of philosophy is to explain the reunion with God. Al-Kindi explained the theory of relativity 11 centuries before A. Einstein and explained in detail the nature of the movements of all objects and beings. In general, Aristotle’s influence on al-Kindi’s philosophical system is obvious. The philosophical work of the thinker was based on the analysis of Islam on the basis of Aristotle’s philosophy. This is reflected in his ideas about both God and categories.

The article deals with the socio-political, philosophical, ethical and aesthetic thoughts of the Azerbaijani thinker Abbas Sahhat. Within the framework of socio-political meetings, Sahhat called on Muslim peoples, including Azerbaijanis, to enlightenment, and found a way out in the study of secular sciences, as well as religious sciences. According to the thinker, if Muslim peoples, including Azerbaijanis, suddenly wake up and want to take part in the “struggle for renewal”, they must put an end to discord and divisions, and through science, realize the needs of the nation. Sahhat’s philosophical views are mostly reflected in the book “The New School”, written in collaboration with Mahmud Mahmudbayov. His understanding of nature and celestial bodies played an important role in his philosophical views. In general, in his philosophical reflections, Sahhat, on the one hand, agreed with the ontological and epistemological questions put forward by heavenly religions, but, on the other hand, tried to find answers to certain doubts. In any case, in the worldview of Sahhat, the question of existence is basically idealistic, but elements of materialism can also be found.

The main significance of historical and ethnographic sources, as well as the formation and preservation of the traditions of a culture of peaceful coexistence - tolerance in Ganja were studied on the basis of various written sources, scientific works, archival documents and historical sources. 80Az?rbaycan Respublikasi Dini Qurumlarla Is üzr? Dövl?t Komit?sinin Jurnali Dövl?t v? Din - ? 01 (72) 2022 TARIX? P?NC?R? Basic characteristic features of the formation and development of multiculturalism, tolerant values over the centuries in ancient quarters of city were also investigated. The construction and preservation of such important material and cultural monuments as mosques, an Orthodox church, the German Lutheran church, Albanian temples - monuments of the pre-Islamic period in Ganja have been studied as the main indicators of the traditions of a culture of peaceful coexistence - tolerance in this ancient city. In addition, on the basis of undeniable arguments and facts, scientific sources, the importance of the existence for centuries of such residential quarters as the quarter (corner) of Jews, a separate residential area of Lezghins, Lahijes, etc. along with the local historical quarters of Ganja is proved.

Simple geometric elements: circles, triangles, polyhedrons, arched figures, stylized images of heavenly bodies, are dominated in the decoration of the glazed ceramics of Shamkir of the early Islamic period. Astral motifs are especially common - stylized images of celestial bodies, especially the six-pointed and eight-pointed stars, a wheel of fortune, as widespread elements of Muslim ornamentation. All these geometric figures harmonize with the shapes of the vessels, create an impression of integrity and completeness

Seyidlyar II settlement is located in the territory of Seyidlar village of Samukh district, 1 km south of Qilinjbeyli village of Shamkir district, at an altitude of 215 m above sea level. According to the program of archaeological exploration of new construction sites,o archaeological excavations at the site were carried out in two stages. In Phase I, archaeological excavations were carried out during the construction of the SCP (South Caucasus Pipeline) main export gas pipeline in 2005, and in Phase II, during the construction of the pipeline expansion project in 2015. A total area of 220 square /meters of the settlement was excavated, and it was determined that the explored area would form the southwestern end of the settlement. During the excavations wells were discovered. Based on the structure of the wells and the remains of material culture found in them, it can be said that some were used for the household and others for the household waste. Samples of material culture obtained as a result of excavations carried out in the settlement are represented by pottery of various sizes and contents, spindle heads, metal remains, stone products. Based on the analysis and comparative analogy of the artifacts, it can be said that the Seyidlyar II is a rural settlement of the Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. It is probable that the settlement in the area continued in stages in antiquity, was completely ceased at certain times, and re-existed in the Middle Ages. On the example of the late antique and medieval settlement of Seyidlar II, excavations of rarely studied settlements of this type in Azerbaijan play the role of the main source for recreating the socioeconomic panorama, economic employment of the population, handicraft industries and trade relations in the described time.